Tuesday, October 30, 2018
Friday, October 12, 2018
CERAMIC TILES
- The Market for Ceramic Tiles is considered very good as there is boom in construction activities everywhere
- There are number of technologies available from low cost segments to highly advanced designer products for the Homes of upper rich class
- The largest markets for ceramic tiles in the Europe are Italy, Spain, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom.
- The European ceramics industry continues to be highly competitive internationally, with strong production concentrations in Sassuolo (Italy about 180 firms) and Castellón (Spain over 200 firms) areas, and sizeable activities in Germany, Portugal and France.
- The Italian ceramic tile industry is the world leader both in terms of production and exports. Italian production is concentrated in the provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia, whose ceramic tiles production constitutes the 80 percent of the overall Italian total.
- China, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa, Morocco, Thailand, Tunisia are major exporters
FaL-G Bricks
- FaL-G bricks and blocks are alternative building materials to the traditional burnt clay bricks and are substitutes to the traditional burnt bricks used for construction.
- Raw materials required for manufacturing of bricks are Flyash, lime gypsum and sand (optional).
- The manufacturing process s of bricks broadly consists of three operations viz. mixing the ingredients,pressing the mix in machine and curing the bricks for stipulated period.
- Fly ash is mixed with lime & gypsum. Chemical accelerator may or may not be added to it. This mix is moulded under pressure. Air / sun drying may be done. Then this green brick is water cured.
- In presence of moisture, fly ash reacts with lime at ordinary temperature and forms a compound possessing cementitious properties. After reactions between lime and flyash, calcium silicate hydrates are produced which are responsible for the high strength of the compound.
- Production process of FaL-G bricks and blocks does not involve sintering and thus completely eliminates the burning of fossil fuels as required in the clay brick production, ultimately contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Wednesday, October 10, 2018
Ready Mixed Concrete
- The Ready mix concrete business in India is in its infancy. For example, 70% of cement produced in a developed country like Japan is used by Ready Mix concrete business there. Here in India, Ready Mix concrete business uses around 2% of total cement production.
- Major cement manufacturers in India who have decided to venture into ready-mix concrete include Associated Cement Companies, Larsen & Toubro, Madras Cements and Grasim.
- Deliveries of ready mix concrete can be taken directly from the ready-mix plants or the concrete can be delivered to worksites by concrete mixer trucks, so the use of ready mix concrete keeps worksite nuisances (dirt, congestion, noise, etc.) to minimum levels.
- The cost advantage to cement manufacturers who own RMC plants is only restricted to their wafer-thin margin enjoyed by the cement industry in
general. This is offset by the better bargain offers of other RMC plant owners due to tough competition. The proximity of the cement plant to the RMC plant would be the most ideal situation
Metal Building Systems
Agricultural Building
Building Type
- A structure designed and constructed to house farm implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other horticultural products. Such structure shall not include habitable or occupiable spaces, spaces in which agricultural products are processed, treated or packaged; nor shall an agricultural building be a place of occupancy by the general public.
Building Type
- There are two types of Buildings "Stand Alone" buildings and "Attachment" buildings. Stand Alone
- A Stand Alone building is any building in a project that does not attach to any other building in the same project. The first building entered in a new project is always a Stand Alone building because there are no other building to which it could attach. A Stand Alone building can be added to the project and located so that it does not interfere with other buildings in the project. Attachment An Attachment is a building which will attach to any other building in the project. An attachment can be a Lean-to, single slope or gabled building. Attachments can be made Endwall-to-Endwall, Sidewall-to-Sidewall, Endwall-to-Sidewall or Sidewall-to-Endwall. The frames of an attachment that is a lean-to must line up with the columns lines of the building to which it attaches. Any other building type can attach to another building anywhere along the wall to which it attaches.
- metal buildings have become the building of choice when it comes to commercial projects for many reasons
- The manufacturing process performed in a plant to convert raw material into finished Metal Building System components. The main operations are cold forming, cutting, punching, welding, cleaning and painting.
Green Roof Technology
- There are basically two main categories of newer, contemporary vegetative, green roof systems . They are extensive and intensive. An extensive system typically has from one and a half to six inches of substrate or planting media and typically is not suitable for foot traffic or occupancy.
- An intensive roof system is very much the same as older style gardens found on rooftops, which were accessible to people to enjoy much like traditional gardens. They generally have a deeper, soil-based substrate from eight to twenty-four inches in depth allowing for greater plant diversity.
- The benefits of green roofs and they typically are divided into three main categories - aesthetics / amenities, environmental & economic
- The three tools that will likely be the most useful in implementing green roofs
are: 1) mitigation regulations designed to address increased urbanization; 2) storm water fees based on impermeable surfaces; and 3) decentralization of storm water management
Granite
- There are, four operations that are involved in the processing of granite. They are: Dressing,Cutting/Sawing,Surface Grinding and Polishing and Edge-Cutting-Trimming. Mining for granite is done manually. For drilling and channeling hand chisels and hammers are used. There are very few quarries that have mining machinery, such as compressors and drilling machines for drilling and blasting, cranes for lifting big blocks, and dampers and trucks for transport.
- Granite has been extensively used as a dimension stone and as flooring tiles in public and commercial buildings and monuments. With increasing amounts of acid rain in parts of the world, granite has begun to supplant marble as a monument material, since it is much more durable. Polished granite is also a popular choice for kitchen counter tops due to its high durability and aesthetic qualities. Currently 33% of the kitchen counter tops being made are of granite.
Clay Bricks & Tiles
- A fully indigenous brick making machine has been developed which brings in semi mechanisation within the reach of a common brick manufacturer. Within the reach of a common brick manufacturer. With the use of this extrusion machine, a small scale unit can produce 2,500 wire cut bricks of 225* 112.5* 75 mm size in an hr. It can also produce other forms of clay units useful for flooring and roofing purpose. An automatic reel type cutter and a high draught brick kiln is used in conjunction with this machine.
- Redmud improves the quality of bricks made from inferior soils deficient in clay content. Red mud compositions give bricks of pale brown, orange or golden yellowcolour depending upon composition of raw material and firing temperature. They have therefore good architectural value as facing bricks. The presence of 4-5 % of alkali in redmud provides a fluxing action resulting into good plasticity and a better bond in the bricks. These can be used for all types of construction.
- Although the basic principles of manufacture are fairly uniform, individual manufacturing plants tailor their production to fit their particular raw materials and operation. Essentially, brick are produced by mixing ground clay with water, forming the clay into the desired shape, and drying and firing. In ancient times, all molding was performed by hand. The manufacturing process has six general phases: 1) mining and storage of raw materials, 2) preparing raw materials, 3) forming the brick, 4) drying, 5) firing and cooling and 6) de-hacking and storing finished products.
- The demand for bricks is expected to be about 100 billion per year by the turn of the century. Even if only 50% of the estimated demand of 100 billion bricks per year, is met from fly ash for productive use saving alternate resources, and reducing environmental hazard to that extent. In addition, it would save thousands of hectares of land from being used as ponding area.
Aluminium Conductors
- Aluminium alloy conductor is revolutionary break through in conductor technology. Users all over the world are switching over to AAAC due to its technical superiority.
- Aluminium conductors used today in building wire and service cables are more than likely manufactured from an aluminium alloy known as an ACM alloy. ACM stands for Aluminium Conductor Material.
- The first technology being tested at Power line Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) is an aluminium conductor composite-reinforced (ACCR) cable, which is an advanced conductor developed by 3M Corporation.
Aggregates - India
- Roads will account for 15% of India's infrastructure investment in the 11th plan with a targeted spend of Rs 3, 19,200 crore. While India has one of the longest road systems in the world, a very tiny fraction of this is comparable to world standards in terms of width and quality
- Ready Mixed Concrete is made on demand and can be transported to worksites by concrete mixer trucks. It eliminates need for storage space for basic materials at site and consequent wastage. As compared with the global construction market, in India, RMC accounts for 3% of the total concrete off take
- Concrete is the second most consumed commodity by volume after water. One cubic meter consists of approximately 300 kilograms of cement, 150 liters of water and 2 tonnes of aggregates.
- Asphalt is a bituminous construction material used primarily for road paving. By weight, asphalt consists mainly of aggregates of differing grain size.
- The production of alternative construction materials such as clay, flyash bricks, fly ash sand-lime bricks, lightweight aggregates (sintered fly ash aggregate, bloated clay aggregate, foamed slag,etc.) and lightweight aggregate concreter masonry units, autoclaved cellular concrete building units, pre-cast dense concrete building blocks and roofing / flooring units, wood substitutes etc. should be promoted
Aggregates (world)
- Aggregate is defined as a granular material used in construction, which may be natural, manufactured or re-cycled.
- Construction aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is a broad category of coarse particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, and recycled concrete.
- Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material.
- Natural Aggregates or Primary Aggregates are naturally occurring materials of rock, sand and gravel. These are extracted directly from land or marine sources for use in construction.
- Secondary Aggregates or Manufactured Aggregates are by-products of industrial processes such as steel slag or pulverised fuel ash from power stations.
Aerocon HQ Concrete Blocks
- The basic raw materials used in production of Aerocon blocks are Cement, Fly ash, lime and water.
Aerocon blocks can be plastered, painted, dry lined or tiled. - AAC is manufactured by combining sand, lime, cement, and water plus an expansion agent that reacts with the other ingredients to form the
porous micro-structure in the concrete. - The production process is very carefully monitored to insure a controlled consistency in the proportions and timing of all ingredients that are used in each batch.
- The manufacturing process for the block form of AAC begins by mixing carefully measured quantities of the ingredients.
- Aerocon block is extremely light, just one-third the weight of clay bricks. They are much easier to handle on the site.
- Aerocon block covers the same area as that 14 clay bricks do enabling a faster construction results in saving of labour, time and material.
- Aerocon's excellent thermal properties helps in saving recurring costs of heating and cooling.
- It is fire resistant. It is moisture resistant. It has exceptional good work-ability.
construction Industry - India
- In India construction Industry has been facing challenging times in recent years due to political uncertainty, weak investment cycles, subdued business confidence, and delays in land acquisition/clearance processes.
- Products for construction Industry have excellent scope.
- Manufacture of Bricks in mechanized factories, Doors & Windows, granite products, ceramic tiles, Paints & varnishes have excellent business opportunities
- Assuming Indian population of 100 crores and an average of 5 persons dwelling unit and an average weight of 44 kgs of PVC Doors & Windows per dwelling unit with a market
penetration of 3%, the estimated potential of PVC Doors & Windows would be 3,00,000 TPA. - according to reputed consultants - Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) is actively involved in promoting the Green Building movement in India.
- Green Building Rating System provides a set of performance standards for certifying the design and construction phases of residential buildings
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Types of Building Materials Used in Construction 1. Natural Construction Materials 2. Fabric 3. Mud and clay 4. Rock 5. Thatch ...
